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“Art is an outlet toward regions which are not ruled by time and space”
— Marcel Duchamp

Avant-Guardian Musings is a curated space of ideas and information, resources, reviews and readings for undergraduate and graduate students studying modern and contemporary art history and visual art theory, film and photography studies, and the expanding field of visual culture and screen studies. For students currently enrolled in my courses or the field school, the blog and associated social media links also serve as a place of reflection and an extension of the ideas and visual material raised in lecture and seminar discussion.

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Blog
From the Archives | How (And Why) To Take Excellent Lecture Notes
From the Archives | How (And Why) To Take Excellent Lecture Notes
about 9 months ago
Weekly Musings + Round Up... And A Few More Things
Weekly Musings + Round Up... And A Few More Things
about 2 years ago
Weekly Musings + Round Up... And A Few More Things
about 2 years ago
Weekly Musings + Round Up... And A Few More Things
Weekly Musings + Round Up... And A Few More Things
about 2 years ago
Top 10 Modern and Contemporary Art Exhibitions Worth Visiting In 2023
Top 10 Modern and Contemporary Art Exhibitions Worth Visiting In 2023
about 2 years ago

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If Seoul was a colour, it would be neon and bright, and if it was a shape, it would be curved and post-structural.
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#artanddesign #odetoacity #urban #seoul #korea #design #contemporaryart #architecture
If Seoul was a colour, it would be neon and bright, and if it was a shape, it would be curved and post-structural. . . . #artanddesign #odetoacity #urban #seoul #korea #design #contemporaryart #architecture
Visited the stunning Leeum Museum of Art today and took in the spatial delights of Korean architecture married to modern art. What I love most is how the familiar European and American “masters” (i.e. Rodin, Giacometti, Rauschenberg, Hess
Visited the stunning Leeum Museum of Art today and took in the spatial delights of Korean architecture married to modern art. What I love most is how the familiar European and American “masters” (i.e. Rodin, Giacometti, Rauschenberg, Hesse, Flavin, Rothko, Andre, Lewitt, Stella, etc…) are curated both in dialogue with Korean modern artists such as Lee Ufan and Kim Chong-yung, but also in juxtaposition to the beautiful natural setting that is showcased through large windows throughout the complex. A must see gallery if you visit Seoul. . . . #seoul #korea #modernart #contemporaryart #koreanart #arthistory
Flaneur for the day in Seoul ✨🇰🇷 A global city of high contrast, beauty, and living history around every corner.
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#seoul #korea #flaneur #daytripping #streetart #contemporaryart #modernart #urbanart #arthistory #urban #globalcity
Flaneur for the day in Seoul ✨🇰🇷 A global city of high contrast, beauty, and living history around every corner. . . . #seoul #korea #flaneur #daytripping #streetart #contemporaryart #modernart #urbanart #arthistory #urban #globalcity
Hello Seoul! 🇰🇷🛬✨안녕하세요 서울 Lucky me, I am incredibly excited to have arrived in South Korea today and staying smack dab in the middle of the stylish Gangnam District at the COEX Conference Centre. It is my first time in this beautiful city and I ca
Hello Seoul! 🇰🇷🛬✨안녕하세요 서울 Lucky me, I am incredibly excited to have arrived in South Korea today and staying smack dab in the middle of the stylish Gangnam District at the COEX Conference Centre. It is my first time in this beautiful city and I cannot wait to begin exploring, especially the contemporary art and design scene. I am here to attend and give a paper at the #IPSA2025 International Political Science Association World Congress, the largest global gathering of researchers and academics working on all things political and international relations oriented. IPSA as an academic association was founded under the auspices of UNESCO in 1949 and is devoted to the advancement of political science in all parts of the world and promotes collaboration between scholars in both established and emerging democracies. The 2025 Conference theme is “Resisting Autocratization in Polarized Societies” and I was invited to present a paper on my ongoing work on Trumpism, the neo avante-garde, and visual culture on a panel examining the role of cultural actors during periods of democratic backsliding. I only had a few hours after I arrived to my hotel to check out COEX, but I had to see the world famous library housed inside the shopping complex. It was a very cool sight for a book nerd like me 🤓 . . . #seoul #korea #southkorea #politicalscience #arthistory #academiclife #conference @kpuarts @kwantlenu
“On a motorcycle the frame is gone. You’re completely in contact with it all. You’re in the scene, not just watching it anymore, and the sense of presence is overwhelming.”

Robert M. Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Main
“On a motorcycle the frame is gone. You’re completely in contact with it all. You’re in the scene, not just watching it anymore, and the sense of presence is overwhelming.” Robert M. Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry Into Values (1974) . . . #motorcyclelife #motorcycle #sportbikelife #motogirl #naramata #okanagan #zenandtheartofmotorcyclemaintenance

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© Dorothy Barenscott, Avant-Guardian Musings, and dorothybarenscott.com, 2010-2023. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this blog’s author is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Dorothy Barenscott, Avant-Guardian Musings, and dorothybarenscott.com with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.

Memories of VIFF from years past. I truly miss the ritual of picking up the signature VIFF programme and marking my selections with post-it notes, but this year, as with all things, nothing is the same.

Memories of VIFF from years past. I truly miss the ritual of picking up the signature VIFF programme and marking my selections with post-it notes, but this year, as with all things, nothing is the same.

Vancouver International Film Festival 2020 Online Edition | 10 Quick Hot Picks

September 24, 2020

Few things in this crazy year would compel me to re-emerge from my summer blogging hibernation, but I am doing just that to kick off the fall and promote another year of the Vancouver International Film Festival. As with all things cultural during the age of Covid-19, there has been major reassessment and creative reimagination of what is possible. And in the case of the VIFF organizers, this has meant the adaptation of a mostly online model that embraces the Netflix age where audiences will have the opportunity to stream most of the VIFF line-up in a “watch anywhere, anytime” modality. At the same time, attempts have been made to retain the spirit and vibe of the festival with a limited selection of in-theatre screenings of VIFF’s more anticipated films.

While I have many mixed feelings on all this, as I know many other die-hard VIFF goers do, I am choosing to look at the upside of all this. I figure if VIFF can find a way through this year, so can I. Most importantly, I will have the chance to stream and watch ALL THE FILMS on my own schedule for the very reduced subscription rate of $60 (see all ticket prices here— $30 for full-time students!) and in the comfort of my home on my Apple TV or computer over the span of the festival from September 24th to October 7th. In years past, I have always had to make the difficult cuts to my must-see list based on my teaching and research and/or bought tickets for screenings I was never able to attend. Big big plus.

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I am already incredibly excited with lots of the selections in this year’s programme and will be sending two sections of my ARTH 1130: Introduction to Film Studies course to the virtual VIFF as in year’s past. As promised to them, and to those students (past and present), friends, and colleagues, who ask me each year which films are at the top of my list, I present this assembled selection. These are my must-see picks so far, curated from a much longer list of 30+ films I have flagged for viewing.

So, without further adieu, my 10 Quick Hot Picks in alphabetical order with captions and links sourced straight from the VIFF website: www.viff.org


ANOTHER ROUND (Denmark)

“Inspired by the thesis that humans are born with a 0.05 deficit in blood alcohol content, Martin (Mads Mikkelsen) and three of his teacher buddies – all middle-aged men – decide to test the theory. Early results are encouraging. After a couple of shots of vodka, history class becomes a crucible of insightful debate. Time to kick this project up a notch… This intoxicating black comedy from Tomas Vinterberg (The Hunt, The Celebration) has a reckless anarchic spirit with a chaser of existential angst.”


BEAUTY WATER (South Korea)

“Yae-ji’s looks have been the cause of endless bullying - an obstacle to career and romance. Imagine her excitement when she tries a mysterious skincare product that makes her drop-dead gorgeous overnight. But beauty comes with a heavy price. Cho Kyung-hun’s gripping animated thriller is a scathing critique of South Korea’s patriarchal, body-shaming culture.”


THE CURSE OF WILLOW SONG (Canada)

“Fresh out of prison, Willow Song (Valerie Tian) is now fending for herself in Vancouver’s unforgiving Downtown Eastside, enduring workplace harassment and anti-Asian sentiment. Retreating to an abandoned warehouse, her latent psychokinetic abilities manifest and an uncanny transformation commences. Karen Lam delivers an exceedingly eerie supernatural thriller steeped in searing social commentary that chillingly suggests Vancouver has left Willow with no alternative but to become a monster.”


FRIDA KAHLO (United Kingdom)

“It’s impossible to consider the history of Latin American art without acknowledging the enormous legacy of Frida Kahlo. British director Ali Ray’s new bio-doc for the Exhibition on Screen series is an in-depth look at the Mexican painter’s life and art. Featuring an impressive roster of academics, art historians, gallerists and Kahlo’s official biographer, Hayden Herrera, the film traces Kahlo’s suffering and pain, her passion, drive, radical politics and unique style.”


INTO THE STORM (United Kingdom/Peru)

“Shot over five years, Into the Storm chronicles a scrappy Peruvian teenager who taught himself to surf with a broken board he found on the beach, and earns a spot at former World Champion Sofía Mulánovich’s surfing school. Reminiscent of Hoop Dreams, Into the Storm navigates the trials and struggles of Jhonny Guerrero as he hopes to lift himself and his family out of poverty by becoming a professional surfer.”


MARCEL DUCHAMP: THE ART OF THE POSSIBLE (United States)

“What makes a work of art “art”? This question was central to French modernist Marcel Duchamp’s practice. The Art of the Possible is a mesmerising account of Duchamp’s life and work, showing how his radical rejection of 19th century ideals paved the way for countless innovations in culture and the arts. An impressive array of experts (Jeff Koons, Marina Abramovic, Michel Gondry) explore Duchamp’s legacy, as archival footage reveals a charismatic–at times cheeky–visionary light years ahead of his time.”


MOGUL MOWGLI (United Kingdom/ United States)

“On the brink of his big break, Zed (Riz Ahmed) instead finds his plans reduced to rubble. Rather than embarking on an international tour, the British-Pakistani rapper grapples with a degenerative autoimmune disorder that forces him to seek shelter with his estranged London family. Ahmed convinces on the mike, unleashing high velocity, vitriolic rhymes, but the devastating power of Bassam Tariq’s film truly comes from its deft articulation of the unique conflict churning within a bi-cultural artist.”


PARIS CALLIGRAMMES (Germany/France)

“Ulrike Ottinger, member of the New German Cinema of the 1970s and 80s (including Johanna d’Arc of Mongolia, VIFF ’89), offers a portrait of the artist in her youth and Paris in the 1960s. The film is named after the Left Bank bookstore where a circle of émigré poets, painters, and sculptors crossed paths and offers a collage of archival footage, film clips and home movies, enhanced by Ottinger’s thoughtful voice over. “A work of vital and energetic modernism.” - The New Yorker”


SUMMER OF 85 (France)

“VIFF favourite François Ozon’s look back at the mid-80s is a romantic, sexy, and ultimately tragic coming-of-age tale awash in gorgeous colour, sunny locations, and eye-popping period fashions. Sixteen-year-old Alex (Félix Lefebvre) is being questioned by police about the death of 18-year-old David (Benjamin Voisin). Cue flashbacks to a heady, beachside summer romance between the two, an experience that rocks Alex’s world… Anchored by fine performances from its leads, this is simply a treat.”


YALDA, A NIGHT OF FORGIVENESS (France/Germany/Switzerland/Luxembourg/Lebanon/Iran)

“Massoud Bakhshi’s gripping film (Sundance’s Grand Jury Prize-winner) centres on a live TV show on which a convicted killer must beg for her life. Maryam (Sadaf Asgari) has been found guilty of murdering her much older husband, and the courts have put her fate in the hands of his daughter Mona (Behnaz Jafari). As their confrontation approaches, we discover that both women know more than they’re telling about the crime… Yalda is a suspenseful, powerful work, suffused with the spirit of social protest.”


 
















 

Comment
The focus of this session is partly inspired by recent viral art world news stories that have sparked great public debate, such as the shredded Banksy performance at Sotheby’s London in 2018; the Maurizio Cattelan banana piece and aftermath at Art B…

The focus of this session is partly inspired by recent viral art world news stories that have sparked great public debate, such as the shredded Banksy performance at Sotheby’s London in 2018; the Maurizio Cattelan banana piece and aftermath at Art Basel last year; or closer to home, the controversies surrounding Rodney Graham’s public art work Spinning Chandelier funded by a luxury condo developer in Vancouver.

UAAC 2020 Call For Papers: "The Price of Everything: Commerce, Aesthetics, and the "Value" of Contemporary Art

July 02, 2020

I am happy to be joining forces once again with art historian, fine arts appraiser, and art advisor Dr. Lara Tomaszewska of Openwork Art Advisory to co-chair a session at the upcoming 2020 Universities Art Association of Canada Conference this fall. Our session’s title is “The Price of Everything: Commerce, Aesthetics, and the “Value” of Contemporary Art” and extends on ideas, themes, and approaches that we first explored at UAAC back in 2014 in a popular dual session we hosted titled “At the Intersection of Art History and the Art Market: Navigating The Business of Art.” This time, we are focusing squarely on recent transformations in the contemporary art world and art market that have challenged the ways in which art is valued (literally and with respect to cultural capital) and welcome submissions from researchers, art advisors, curators and/or those interested in the study of contemporary art valuation.

The full call for paper proposals reads as following:


The Price of Everything: Commerce, Aesthetics, and the “Value” of Contemporary Art

In recent years, the conversation around contemporary art, and how it is “valued,” has been set against the backdrop of public scandal and spectacle. Media coverage of record prices attained at art auctions, the global expansion of branded art fairs, and protests surrounding museum trustees and donors connected to conflicting interests, co-mingle with viral art world news stories that spark great public debate, such as the shredded Banksy performance at Sotheby’s London in 2018; the Maurizio Cattelan banana piece and aftermath at Art Basel last year; or closer to home, the controversies surrounding Rodney Graham’s public art work Spinning Chandelier funded by a luxury condo developer in Vancouver. This panel seeks to examine the broader and critical dimensions of this issue and calls for presentations that explore, whether through specific case study or theory-based examination, the contours and stakes around how contemporary art is “valued,” collected, and given meaning in the current climate.


We invite proposal submissions of 300 words max, along with a 150 word biography, through JULY 31, 2020, directed to dorothy.barenscott@kpu.ca and lara@openworkart.com that include the following. For more information on submissions, the conference, and other details related to the event, please visit: https://uaac-aauc.com/conference/

UAAC was to be originally going to be held in Vancouver this year, but has had to move online because of the Covid-19 global pandemic. We are still anticipating a vibrant and energetic conference, and are especially looking forward to our featured keynote speaker, artist Stan Douglas, who will also be representing Canada at the next Venice Biennale (postponed to 2022). Please contact me directly with any further questions or clarifications by clicking on the mail icon at the top of my blog page.

Comment
Ivo Pannaggi, Centauro’ (Centaur) (1931)

Ivo Pannaggi, Centauro’ (Centaur) (1931)

Weekly Round Up... And a Few More Things

June 21, 2020

This past week, I took a week long pause in my regular schedule and routine to learn how to properly ride a motorcycle. This has been on the top of my bucket list for several years now and stems in large part from my comfort with, and love of cycling, from the enjoyment I’ve had being a passenger on the back of my husband’s motorbike, and for those who know my love of driving well-engineered and beautifully designed automobiles, the enjoyment of handling a machine with manual transmission. And while this may seem somewhat disconnected from the world of art and art history that is the main focus of my research and this blog, the symbolic and cultural associations of motorcycling have important connections to the historic avant-garde and notions of subversion and subcultures of resistance.

“1. We want to sing the love of danger, the habit of energy and rashness.
2. The essential elements of our poetry will be courage, audacity and revolt.”
— Manifesto of Futurism

Take for example the stereotype many have of those who ride motorbikes. Portrayed in popular culture as rebels, outlaws, hoodlums, and the like, a biker is seen as slightly dangerous or even an agitator, operating outside the boundaries of control, and often embracing the exact fears and discomforts that the majority of us tend to avoid. That is not to say I have embodied those ideals as I learned to ride a motorbike—a skill set that requires the rider to overcome many basic reflexes and relax and ease into situations that ordinarily causes humans to panic—but what I have embraced is the heightened state of awareness, perception, full sensory engagement, and flow that comes with almost all creative pursuits, and is at the core of the motorcycling experience. The relationship to time, space, distance, and motion changes when riding a motorcycle, and from that comes a new way of seeing and experiencing the world. I highly recommend the pursuit, but only if done with proper training and a burning desire.

A few more things… before the round up

  • If you are interested in reading and learning more about how the motorcycle became muse to the Futurists (my feature art work this week is case in point), see this wonderful article by The Vintagent.

  • You can also read more at MoMA about how the Biker Jacket has become an iconic symbol of youth culture and urban resistance. The garment was part of an excellent show I attended a few years back called Items: Is Fashion Modern?

"What to do about problematic statues? (PODCAST)"
"What to do about problematic statues? (PODCAST)"

theartnewspaper.com

"K-Pop Stans Successfully Sabotaged Trump’s Tulsa Rally"
"K-Pop Stans Successfully Sabotaged Trump’s Tulsa Rally"

vulture.com

"The Art Angle Podcast: Meet the Smithsonian Curator Who Turns Protesters’ T-Shirts Into National Treasures (PODCAST)"
"The Art Angle Podcast: Meet the Smithsonian Curator Who Turns Protesters’ T-Shirts Into National Treasures (PODCAST)"

artnet.com

"The BC Alliance Honours Indigenous History Month"
"The BC Alliance Honours Indigenous History Month"

allianceforarts.com

"Vancouver's Gassy Jack statue defaced, petition calls for its removal"
"Vancouver's Gassy Jack statue defaced, petition calls for its removal"

cbc.ca

"How Do We Photograph Freedom? A Conversation with Leigh Raiford"
"How Do We Photograph Freedom? A Conversation with Leigh Raiford"

hyperallergic.com

"Five Artists to Follow on Instagram Now"
"Five Artists to Follow on Instagram Now"

nytimes.com

"5 Curators, Artists, and Art Historians on the Most Consequential News Images Since the Death of George Floyd"
"5 Curators, Artists, and Art Historians on the Most Consequential News Images Since the Death of George Floyd"

artnet.com

"Jordan Casteel on Gerhard Richter | Artists on Artwork (VIDEO)"
"Jordan Casteel on Gerhard Richter | Artists on Artwork (VIDEO)"

metmuseum

"VAG Curator's Highlight Tour: lineages and land bases (VIDEO)"
"VAG Curator's Highlight Tour: lineages and land bases (VIDEO)"

vancouverartgallery

"What to do about problematic statues? (PODCAST)" "K-Pop Stans Successfully Sabotaged Trump’s Tulsa Rally" "The Art Angle Podcast: Meet the Smithsonian Curator Who Turns Protesters’ T-Shirts Into National Treasures (PODCAST)" "The BC Alliance Honours Indigenous History Month" "Vancouver's Gassy Jack statue defaced, petition calls for its removal" "How Do We Photograph Freedom? A Conversation with Leigh Raiford" "Five Artists to Follow on Instagram Now" "5 Curators, Artists, and Art Historians on the Most Consequential News Images Since the Death of George Floyd" "Jordan Casteel on Gerhard Richter | Artists on Artwork (VIDEO)" "VAG Curator's Highlight Tour: lineages and land bases (VIDEO)"
  • What to do about problematic statues? (PODCAST)

  • K-Pop Stans Successfully Sabotaged Trump’s Tulsa Rally

  • The Art Angle Podcast: Meet the Smithsonian Curator Who Turns Protesters’ T-Shirts Into National Treasures (PODCAST)

  • The BC Alliance Honours Indigenous History Month

  • Vancouver's Gassy Jack statue defaced, petition calls for its removal

  • How Do We Photograph Freedom? A Conversation with Leigh Raiford

  • Five Artists to Follow on Instagram Now

  • 5 Curators, Artists, and Art Historians on the Most Consequential News Images Since the Death of George Floyd

  • Jordan Casteel on Gerhard Richter | Artists on Artwork (VIDEO)

  • VAG Curator's Highlight Tour: lineages and land bases (VIDEO)

Comment
Banksy’s latest work (posted and verified on his Instagram account) is accompanied by the following statement of solidarity with the Black Lives Matter movement: “At first I thought I should just shut up and listen to black people about this issue. …

Banksy’s latest work (posted and verified on his Instagram account) is accompanied by the following statement of solidarity with the Black Lives Matter movement: “At first I thought I should just shut up and listen to black people about this issue. But why would I do that? It’s not their problem, it’s mine. People of colour are being failed by the system. The white system. Like a broken pipe flooding the apartment of the people living downstairs. The faulty system is making their life a misery, but it’s not their job to fix it. They can’t, no one will let them in the apartment upstairs. This is a white problem. And if white people don’t fix it, someone will have to come upstairs and kick the door in.”

Weekly Round Up... And a Few More Things

June 14, 2020

Keeping one eye on media reports of protests and the pandemic, and the other one on my summer course prep.. this pretty much sums up the rhythm of daily existence this past week. Whatever attention I have paid to the state of the art world has likewise been informed by these two modalities. My round up pretty much reflects this, and it is peppered with calls for reform—whether it be from within the academy and the need to address systemic racism at the level of university instruction (and interpersonal relationships with students and faculty), or to describing why the removal of particularly charged art monuments is happening globally, and furthering conversations around the impact the Black Lives Matter movement is having on questions of urban planning and policing. On that final note, I am so glad that there has finally been some serious critical attention paid to reality TV shows like Cops (canceled this week) and the popular culture landscape that has exacerbated the racial injustice and stereotypes that persist in film and television portrayals of POC. I am continuing to listen, learn, and act wherever I can.

 A few more things… before the round up

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  • Spike Lee’s latest film Da 5 Bloods has just been released on Netflix, can’t wait to see it, and if you still haven’t seen Do The Right Thing or She’s Gotta Have It, put them both on your movies must-see list ASAP.

  • For those living more local, the Vancouver Art Gallery is reopening this week and will be featuring an installation work by new media artist Matilda Aslizadeh. Aslizadeh’s installations are incredible and utilize cutting edge video technologies to produce immersive environments. Titled Moly and Kassandra (2018), the work is described by the VAG as addressing “the relationship between culture and resource extraction through the juxtaposition of economic statistics, divinations of the future and images of immense holes in the earth.”

  • Finally, it was my pleasure to work on the essay "Slow Photography" examining artist Sylvia Grace Borda's practice and the way her approach— spanning photography, filmmaking, installation, public art, and architecture— both extends and subverts elements of the "Vancouver School" traditions and legacies that have shaped her training and conceptual concerns. The newly published monograph Sylvia Grace Borda: Shifting Perspectives is an important and necessary addition to the histories of photography, new media art, photo-conceptual art, and Canadian contemporary art. I am very honoured to be part of this book project for many reasons (not least of which is having my work published alongside photographic historian Liz Wells) and I thank Sylvia for this opportunity.

"More Galleries and Museums Reopen—But Will Audiences Follow?"
"More Galleries and Museums Reopen—But Will Audiences Follow?"

canadianart.ca

"White Academia: Do Better."
"White Academia: Do Better."

medium.com

"America’s Cities Were Designed to Oppress"
"America’s Cities Were Designed to Oppress"

ciytlab.com

"Why the Columbus Monument Should Be Seen as a Monument to the History of Whiteness in the United States"
"Why the Columbus Monument Should Be Seen as a Monument to the History of Whiteness in the United States"

artnet.com

"Protesters Topple Colonialist Monuments in England and Belgium as Black Lives Matter Demonstrations Spread Across Europe"
"Protesters Topple Colonialist Monuments in England and Belgium as Black Lives Matter Demonstrations Spread Across Europe"

artnet.com

"The Unreality of Cops"
"The Unreality of Cops"

theatlantic.com

"Democracy’s Red Line"
"Democracy’s Red Line"

nybooks.com

"7 Curators Using Instagram to Provide Access to Museums during Quarantine"
"7 Curators Using Instagram to Provide Access to Museums during Quarantine"

artsy.net

"A brave new virtual world or joyless mundane experience? Glamour of collecting gets lost in online translation"
"A brave new virtual world or joyless mundane experience? Glamour of collecting gets lost in online translation"

theartnewspaper.com

"Culture Gabfest: The “Black Lives Matter” Edition (PODCAST)"
"Culture Gabfest: The “Black Lives Matter” Edition (PODCAST)"

slate.com

"More Galleries and Museums Reopen—But Will Audiences Follow?" "White Academia: Do Better." "America’s Cities Were Designed to Oppress" "Why the Columbus Monument Should Be Seen as a Monument to the History of Whiteness in the United States" "Protesters Topple Colonialist Monuments in England and Belgium as Black Lives Matter Demonstrations Spread Across Europe" "The Unreality of Cops" "Democracy’s Red Line" "7 Curators Using Instagram to Provide Access to Museums during Quarantine" "A brave new virtual world or joyless mundane experience? Glamour of collecting gets lost in online translation" "Culture Gabfest: The “Black Lives Matter” Edition (PODCAST)"
  • More Galleries and Museums Reopen—But Will Audiences Follow?

  • White Academia: Do Better.

  • America’s Cities Were Designed to Oppress

  • Why the Columbus Monument Should Be Seen as a Monument to the History of Whiteness in the United States

  • Protesters Topple Colonialist Monuments in England and Belgium as Black Lives Matter Demonstrations Spread Across Europe

  • The Unreality of Cops

  • Democracy’s Red Line

  • 7 Curators Using Instagram to Provide Access to Museums during Quarantine

  • A brave new virtual world or joyless mundane experience? Glamour of collecting gets lost in online translation

  • Culture Gabfest: The “Black Lives Matter” Edition (PODCAST)

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Gino Severini, Visual Synthesis of the Idea of “War” (1914). As WWI broke out, the Italian Futurist painter attempted to capture what he understood as the experience of industrial warfare through the assemblage of words, symbols, ideas, and concepts…

Gino Severini, Visual Synthesis of the Idea of “War” (1914). As WWI broke out, the Italian Futurist painter attempted to capture what he understood as the experience of industrial warfare through the assemblage of words, symbols, ideas, and concepts that others used when speaking of war.

Focus on Fundamentals: What is Synthesis?

June 12, 2020

In this FOCUS ON FUNDAMENTALS series located on my Resources Page, I will be looking more closely at three interconnected values that form important components of my course rubrics and help me to assess, evaluate, and grade a range of assignments (from simple group discussions all the way to research papers).

In three separate posts, I will discuss: 1) SYNTHESIS; 2) ORGANIZATION; and 3) UNDERSTANDING.


What is Synthesis?

SYNTHESIS is just a fancy word taken from the world of science to describe the process of creating complex chemical compounds from simpler ones. In other words, at the heart of synthesis is the idea of combining sources and ideas to create a new whole.

You can imagine yourself as the chemist, and your chemical compounds are the different kinds of content you are provided in any course (lectures, readings, visuals, videos, and demonstrations). Your science experiment then is to create new papers, presentations, and other forms of written, spoken, and visual assignments that showcase the unique way you are processing course content. In the video below from GCFLearnFree.org, the idea of synthesis is explored in its most simplest terms.


How to Achieve Synthesis?

To achieve synthesis, it is your job to:

 A) pay close attention to what you are learning from multiple sources on a given topic

B) identify the important, relevant, and interesting aspects of what you have learned from those sources

C) demonstrate that you understand what you have learned on a given topic by coming up with your own broad conclusions that bring together relevant aspects of the sources you have looked at.


What does synthesis look like in action?

In university writing, discussion groups (in person and online), one on one conversations, and even in art-making and performance, the ability to demonstrate synthesis comes down to moving away from simply restating or re-presenting the information from the sources on a given topic, and moving towards providing new insights or evidence of thinking through the ideas in your own way.

Some qualities of synthesis in action can include:

  • Actively reading, annotating, thinking, and making new connections when engaged with a new class topic

  • Expressing ideas that are also making an argument or stating and supporting your opinion and unique insights

  • Showing how and why you arrived at your opinion on a topic by pointing to the sources (from lectures, readings, other course content and research) that you learned from

  • Referring to notes you made or ideas that struck you when learning about a topic and putting your own spin on them

  • Using your first person voice to take ownership of ideas and differentiate your point of view from your sources or others in the discussion

  • Offering a comparison or contrast of ideas you have encountered on a topic


Why is Synthesis Important?

Synthesis encourages critical thinking, engagement with ideas, active learning, and the formulation of independent thought. These are important values in higher education as you move away from simple memorization, passive listening, and restating or copying what has come before, to becoming more fully and independently engaged with the ideas and concepts you encounter in a course. Synthesis is also part of a wider practice in academia to properly reference and give credit to the many ideas you encounter and learn from. Ideally, you will be finding ways to contribute to the larger conversations that are taking place in the field you are studying.

In these two writing examples taken from the Purdue Online Writing Lab, you can see why synthesis is so important when creating written responses and preventing plagiarism.

The first example shows where synthesis is NOT utilized well:

Example 1:

Parents are always trying to find ways to encourage healthy eating in their children. Elena Pearl Ben-Joseph, a doctor and writer for KidsHealth, encourages parents to be role models for their children by not dieting or vocalizing concerns about their body image. The first popular diet began in 1863. William Banting named it the “Banting” diet after himself, and it consisted of eating fruits, vegetables, meat, and dry wine. Despite the fact that dieting has been around for over a hundred and fifty years, parents should not diet because it hinders children’s understanding of healthy eating.


Why is this not an example of good synthesis? As you can see, the paragraph strings together a number of different facts (none of which are properly cited) and fails to offer any personal expression, strong argument, or clear conclusion.

An example of improved synthesis could look more like this:

Example 2:

Parents are always trying to find ways to encourage healthy eating in their children. In my analysis, I have found examples of scientists and educators that have different strategies for promoting a well-rounded diet while still encouraging body positivity in children. David R. Just and Joseph Price suggest in their article “Using Incentives to Encourage Healthy Eating in Children” that children are more likely to eat fruits and vegetables if they are given a reward (855-856). Similarly, Elena Pearl Ben-Joseph, a doctor and writer for Kids Health, encourages parents to be role models for their children. She states that “parents who are always dieting or complaining about their bodies may foster these same negative feelings in their kids. Try to keep a positive approach about food” (Ben-Joseph). Martha J. Nepper and Weiwen Chai support Ben-Joseph’s suggestions in their article “Parents’ Barriers and Strategies to Promote Healthy Eating among School-age Children.” Nepper and Chai note, “Parents felt that patience, consistency, educating themselves on proper nutrition, and having more healthy foods available in the home were important strategies when developing healthy eating habits for their children.” By following some of these ideas, I have found that parents can help their children develop healthy eating habits while still maintaining body positivity.


In this second example, the author brings together a number of different sources into conversation with one another. There is a move away from merely describing the sources to the author showing the connections among the sources (and properly citing them), along with indicating their own position using first person voice.  


To conclude, when an Instructor is evaluating for SYNTHESIS—be it through a simple discussion board or in-class conversation, all the way to a long form research paper—what they are looking for is how successfully a student has taken what they have learned from a variety of sources on a topic and offered their own insights, thoughtful reflections, and/or opinions on that topic.  

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© Dorothy Barenscott, 2010-2025